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Transactions

Compose messages, attach signers, compile transactions, and confirm results with explicit typed steps.

Solana Kit intentionally splits the transaction stack into a few focused layers.

  • solana_kit_instructions models program invocations.
  • solana_kit_transaction_messages builds immutable message state.
  • solana_kit_signers models who can authorize, mutate, or submit a transaction.
  • solana_kit_transactions handles wire-format transactions and signatures.
  • solana_kit_transaction_confirmation handles confirmation strategies.

Think in four phases:

  1. Describe intent: create instructions.
  2. Build message state: set fee payer, lifetime, and instruction order.
  3. Authorize: attach signers and produce signatures.
  4. Submit and confirm: send the signed transaction and wait for a final outcome.

Message construction#

Use immutable message transforms:

final message = createTransactionMessage()
    .pipe(setTransactionMessageFeePayer(feePayerAddress))
    .pipe(setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(blockhashConstraint))
    .pipe(appendTransactionMessageInstruction(instruction));

This style makes transaction assembly predictable and easy to test.

Signing strategies#

Use signTransactionMessageWithSigners(...) when all required signers are attached to the message and you want a fully signed transaction.

Use partiallySignTransactionMessageWithSigners(...) when a transaction will move through multiple signing stages.

Use signAndSendTransactionMessageWithSigners(...) when the message contains a TransactionSendingSigner, such as a wallet adapter.

Confirmation strategies#

Send and confirm a signed transaction#

Once you have a signed Transaction, use the additive confirmation helper for an end-to-end “send then wait for confirmation” flow. 

import 'package:solana_kit/solana_kit.dart';
import 'package:solana_kit_rpc_spec/solana_kit_rpc_spec.dart';

Future<void> sendAndWait(
  Rpc rpc,
  Transaction signedTransaction,
) async {
  final signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
    rpc: rpc,
    transaction: signedTransaction,
  );

  print('Confirmed signature: ${signature.value}');
}

For lower-level control, solana_kit_transaction_confirmation also exposes strategy factories for block-height expiry, durable nonce invalidation, signature notifications, and timeout racing.

When to use instruction plans#

If your operation spans multiple transactions or has parallel/sequential structure, move up to solana_kit_instruction_plans.

That package helps you model transaction orchestration explicitly instead of hiding it in ad hoc control flow.